On a VPS running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, as root, you install PostgreSQL with apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib. The service starts by itself and, by default, listens only on the server itself, which is what you want. This article is for people with a VPS or a dedicated server. On shared hosting PostgreSQL is already installed; see PostgreSQL in cPanel.
On an unmanaged VPS, installation and maintenance are yours. That covers updates, backups and the security of PostgreSQL. See managed or unmanaged VPS and the Support Policy.
Step by step
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Refresh the package list and install:apt update
apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
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Check that the service is active: systemctl status postgresql. To have it start with the server, systemctl enable postgresql.
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Check the installed version: psql --version. It is the version Ubuntu 22.04 ships by default.
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Enter PostgreSQL as the system user postgres: sudo -u postgres psql. The postgres=# prompt appears. Leave with \q.
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What gets installed, and where
| What |
Where |
| Main configuration |
/etc/postgresql/<version>/main/postgresql.conf |
| Who may connect, and how |
/etc/postgresql/<version>/main/pg_hba.conf |
| The service |
systemctl status postgresql, systemctl restart postgresql |
| The port |
5432, on 127.0.0.1 only by default |
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Do not open port 5432 to the internet just because the install went well. An exposed database is found by bots within hours. To connect from outside, use an SSH tunnel or follow remote connections, safely.
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The first adjustments after installing
Check it only listens locally: ss -ltn | grep 5432 should show 127.0.0.1:5432. The data lives in /var/lib/postgresql, so watch the disk space there. Keep the system up to date with apt update and apt upgrade: PostgreSQL security fixes arrive that way. Moving to a major version of PostgreSQL is a different operation, not something that happens by accident in an apt upgrade, and it needs a backup and a migration. Finally, make sure the VPS firewall lets through only what you use (SSH and, if you host a site, the web). See keeping your VPS secure. And note down somewhere of your own the version installed and the date: a year from now, when you need to update, you will be glad not to have to guess.
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